By: Bailey Blevins
Bio.3.1- Explain how traits are determined by the structure and function of DNA
ABOUT DNA:
- DNA has a structure of a double helix (twisted ladder)
- DNA is made up of 4 nucleotides...Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, and Cytosine
- A and T always pair together and C and G always pair together
- A&T=C&G
- Hydrogen bonds hold the bases together
- The sides of the DNA ladder is made up of sugars and phosphate atoms
- Sugar + Phosophate + Base = Nucleotide
- DNA is the "blueprint" of life
Turning DNA into RNA
- To turn DNA into RNA takes many processes. The first thing is mRNA or in other words messenger RNA. During mRNA all the information is copied and goes to the Cytoplasm and connects to ribosomes.
- After this tRNA or transfer RNA begins. All that happens during this process is all the information is transferred over.
- The last step is rRNA or ribosomal RNA. At this site all the genetic information that was copied in mRNA is translated. You translate the information using a codon chart.
A Codon Chart
Gene Mutations
A gene mutation is a permanent change in DNA sequence that makes up genes. They can occur in two ways; they are either be inherited from a parent or they can be acquired during a persons lifetime. Mutations could permanently affect their phenotype and functions because of an abnormality somewhere on their body.